The Force Publique’s campaigns in the Congo-Arab War, 1892-1894

ABSTRACT

Between 1892 and 1894 the Force Publique of King Leopold II’s Congo Free State engaged in a series of little-known counter-insurgency operations against ivory and slave traders from Zanzibar, commonly referred to as Arabs. Without a particularly strong tradition of imperial service, this article argues that the predominantly Belgian officer corps borrowed and adapted methods used by more experienced colonial forces in the 19^th Century. Whether taken from existing literature or learned through experience, it reveals that the Force Publique’s counter-insurgency methods reflected many of the more recognisable aspects of traditional French and British approaches. It suggests that, despite the unique nature of each colonial campaign, basic principles could be adapted by whomsoever to overcome the military and political challenges of colonial conquest. The Force Publique’s campaigns in the Congo-Arab War, therefore, provide further evidence as to how some base theories could be universally applied.     

外语受蚀时间对语言学习策略使用频率的影响

调查外语受蚀时间对语言学习策略使用频率的影响。调查发现,学习者学习策略的使用频率,特别是记忆策略、认知策略和补偿策略的使用频率,随着受蚀时间的增加逐渐降低。     

Gabor-CNN for object detection based on small samples

Object detection models based on convolutional neural networks (CNN) have achieved state-of-the-art performance by heavily rely on large-scale training samples. They are insufficient when used in specific applications, such as the detection of military objects, as in these instances, a large number of samples is hard to obtain. In order to solve this problem, this paper proposes the use of Gabor-CNN for object detection based on a small number of samples. First of all, a feature extraction convolution kernel library composed of multi-shape Gabor and color Gabor is constructed, and the optimal Gabor convolution kernel group is obtained by means of training and screening, which is convolved with the input image to obtain feature information of objects with strong auxiliary function. Then, the k-means clustering algorithm is adopted to construct several different sizes of anchor boxes, which improves the quality of the regional proposals. We call this regional proposal process the Gabor-assisted Region Proposal Network (Gabor-assisted RPN). Finally, the Deeply-Utilized Feature Pyramid Network (DU-FPN) method is proposed to strengthen the feature expression of objects in the image. A bottom-up and a top-down feature pyramid is constructed in ResNet-50 and feature information of objects is deeply utilized through the transverse connection and integration of features at various scales. Experimental results show that the method proposed in this paper achieves better results than the state-of-art contrast models on data sets with small samples in terms of accuracy and recall rate, and thus has a strong application prospect.     

英语教学中的师生非语言交际行为

介绍了非语言交际行为的定义、分类及作用,重点分析了英语教学中师生非语言交际行为及手段,对比点评了师生非语言交际行为的文化差异,认为:作为语言交际行为的补充,非语言交际行为在语言教学中发挥着不可低估的作用.     

有效运用信息交流技术提高外语学习效果浅探

当今社会，技术日新月异，彻底改变着经济、社会、政治和文化生活，也极大地影响着教育。那么，如何充分利用新技术为教学服务，已经成为当今教育工作者研究的一个重要课题。长期以来，技术只是作为一种辅助工具使用于教学中，对它的研究没有上升到教学法的角度。因此，它在外语教学中的巨大作用远远没有被开发和有效利用。本文旨在探讨如何有效利用信息交流技术（ICT），极大地丰富教学和学习过程，使它更好地为教学对象服务，提高外语学习效果。     

判决特征选择的快速人脸识别算法

为了在确保识别精度的条件下提高人脸识别的速度,提出了判决特征选择算法(SVM-DFS).针对多类分类问题,判决特征选择算法根据统计学习理论使用支持向量机来实现特征选择,根据全概率定理把特征选择和多类分类集成到一个统一框架.在UMIST和FERET人脸数据库上的实验表明:SVM-DFS算法可以用来挑选对分类最有用的特征,这些挑选出来的特征具有明显的物理意义.使用判决特征选择方法不但可以加快分类器的响应速度,而且不降低分类器的泛化能力.     

建构主义教学论与教学模式改革

建构主义学习观强调学习的建构性、社会性和情境性 ,对促进教学方法的变革将有重要意义。文章运用建构教学观辨证分析了传统教学模式 ,综合现代以知识为中心、以学生为中心和行为主义理论等现代教育思想 ,分析了传授———建构教学法、合作、探究学习方法。     

基于深度限制波尔兹曼机的辐射源信号识别

针对电子侦察中使用常规参数难以有效识别复杂体制雷达信号的问题,提出利用深度限制波尔兹曼机对辐射源识别的模型。模型由多个限制波尔兹曼机组成,通过逐层自底向上无监督学习获得初始参数,并用后向传播算法对整个模型进行有监督的参数微调,利用Softmax进行分类识别。通过仿真实验表明该模型能对辐射源进行有效的特征提取和分类识别,具有较高的识别精度和较强的鲁棒性。     

基于时序特征编码的目标战术意图识别算法?

对战场目标战术意图的快速、准确和自动识别，是智能决策的前提和基础。目标战术意图通常由多个战术动作组合完成，因而目标状态呈现动态、时序变化特征。本文针对目标意图识别问题的特点，提出一种基于栈式自编码器（ SAE）的智能识别模型，设计智能识别模型的基本框架，提出一种基于时序特征的输入信号编码方法及相应的模式解析机制，通过将目标状态在多个时刻的时序特征和战场环境、目标属性等信息统一编码为输入信号，将军事专家的知识经验封装为模式标签，模拟人的推理模式与认知经验，实现对目标战术意图的智能识别。最后通过实验，分析预训练过程和网络深度对算法性能的影响，并通过与多层感知机（MLP）和逻辑回归分类器（LRC）识别准确率的比较，验证所提SAE算法的有效性。     

公安现役部队干部培训之我见

受普通教育影响，公安现役部队干部教育培训模式有普教化现象。根据干部学习特点，研究适应其教育培训的方式方法，在实践中创造性地运用多种教学方式和手段，有利于提高干部培训的效益。